不同时期COPD患者血清DcR3、Survivin表达水平及临床意义

目的 探讨不同时期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血清诱饵受体3(DcR3)、凋亡抑制蛋白(Survivin)表达水平及临床意义。方法 选取2018年9月—2019年12月本院收治的92名COPD患者为研究对象,其中稳定型COPD 50例,急性加重期COPD 42例;同期本院健康体检者88例为对照组。测定各组研究对象血清DcR3、Survivin水平及肺功能指标。 与对照组[DcR3(106.54±48.35)pg/mL,Survivin(98.85±26.59)pg/mL]比较,稳定期组和急性加重期组血清DcR3[(395.23±123.85)pg/mL,(1 248.81±213.59)pg/mL]、Survivin [(267.54±84.69)pg/mL,(1 233.95±307.26)pg/mL]水平升高;与稳定期组比较,急性加重期组血清DcR3、Survivin水平升高。与对照组比较,稳定期组和急性加重期组FEV1%、FEV1 /FVC、DLCO%水平降低(P<0.001);与稳定期组比较,急性加重期组FEV1%、FEV1 /FVC、DLCO%水平降低(P<0.001)。随着低氧血症严重程度的增加,COPD患者血清DcR3、Survivin水平逐渐增加(P<0.001)。多因素logistics回归分析显示,高水平DcR3、Survivin、IL-12、hs-CRP为COPD病情的危险因素(P<0.001)。DcR3、Survivin与FEV、FEV1 /FVC呈负相关,与IL-12、TNF-α、hs-CRP呈正相关(P<0.001)。 COPD稳定期、急性加重期患者血清DcR3、Survivin表达水平升高,且DcR3、Survivin与COPD病情严重程度呈正相关。     

利用转录组测序生物信息学初步探讨热射病预后关键基因

目的分析热射病患者外周血单个核细胞转录组测序生物信息学结果,寻找影响热射病预后的关键基因。方法选取2019-06-01~2020-08-30空军军医大学附属西京医院急诊科收治的热射病患者,按照预后分为生存组和死亡组。随机数字法在两组中分别选取患者进行外周血单个核细胞转录组测序,生物信息学分析寻找差异基因;RT-PCR验证筛选出的差异基因在生存组和死亡组中的表达。结果29例诊断为热射病患者入选,按照预后分为生存组和死亡组,其中生存组18例,死亡组11例。随机数字法选取6例生存患者和4例死亡患者,外周血单个核细胞进行转录组测序,两组患者有693个基因表达有明显差异,通过生物信息学分析筛选出趋化因子(C-C基元)配体5(CCL5)、基质金属蛋白酶8(MMP8)、MMP9基因可能与预后相关。将两组外周血单个核细胞的目标基因表达情况通过RT-PCR法表达检测,与生存组比较,死亡组MMP8基因(P=0.8955)和MMP9基因(P=0.0597)表达无明显变化,CCL5基因表达明显上升(t=7.056,P<0.05)。结论CCL5基因可能是影响热射病预后的关键基因,需要进一步深入研究。     

3D打印骨折模型在复杂骨盆骨折手术中的治疗方法及效果探讨

目的:探讨复杂骨盆骨折手术治疗中3D打印骨折模型的应用方法及效果。方法:选取医院收治的60例复杂骨盆骨折患者,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组行传统CT指导下手术治疗,观察组行3D打印仿真骨盆模型体外模拟术后,应用腹直肌旁切口钢板内固定术治疗。比较两组手术时间、住院时间和骨折愈合时间,以及术中出血量、并发症发生率和骨盆功能恢复优良率。结果:观察组手术时间、住院时间及骨折愈合时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.721,t=2.458,t=2.791,t=4.450;P<0.05);观察组和对照组并发症发生率分别为3.33%和10.00%,差异无统计学意义(x²=0.267,P>0.05);观察组和对照组骨盆功能恢复优良率分别为96.67%和73.33%,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x²=4.705,P<0.05)。结论:复杂骨盆骨折手术中应用3D打印骨折模型可缩短手术时间、住院时间,减少出血量,促进骨折愈合,可改善骨盆功能且并发症少。     

高强度聚焦超声联合甲氨蝶呤在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果分析

目的 探究采用高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果。方法 选择2018年5月—2019年5月在本院接受宫腔镜治疗的108例瘢痕子宫妊娠患者,依据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组各54例。对照组使用HIFU预处理,研究组则使用HIFU联合MTX的方式预处理,处理后两组均行宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术。通过随访分析比较两组的治疗效果及妊娠结局。结果 研究组术后7 d血清β-HCG水平为(28 598.38±2 176.52)U/L,低于对照组的(32 423.13±2 734.65)U/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.042,P<0.001);研究组血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间、住院时间分别为(21.33±3.78)d、(28.21±3.83)d、(6.53±2.12)d,分别短于对照组的(26.72±4.83)d、(33.82±4.91)d、(9.53±2.67)d,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.458、6.620、6.466,P均<0.001)。两组均随访≥24个月,宫内妊娠、未孕、流产、再次瘢痕子宫妊娠、异位妊娠比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.895,P>0.05);宫内妊娠中足月分娩与早产比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.131,P>0.05),研究组并发症发生率为22.58%,低于对照组的37.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.296,P=0.021)。结论 在宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术治疗瘢痕子宫妊娠前使用HIFU联合MTX预处理的效果优于单一使用HIFU预处理,可明显缩短患者血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间与住院时间,但对女性的妊娠结局无影响,妇产科临床治疗前可结合患者需求择取最合适的预处理方案。     

细胞因子在分化型甲状腺癌诊疗中的应用进展北大核心

甲状腺癌是内分泌系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。甲状腺癌以分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma, DTC)为主,尽管多数DTC患者经规范化治疗后预后良好,但由于部分肿瘤的病理类型侵袭性较高或肿瘤组织分化程度较低,病情进展迅速导致患者总生存时间显著缩短。近年来,有关炎症与肿瘤之间相关性的研究越来越多,炎性微环境的改变在肿瘤发病机制中的作用逐渐被证实,更多的证据表明细胞因子可作为肿瘤的良恶性鉴别、预后判断提示及诊疗方案选择等的重要参考依据。本文就部分细胞因子在DTC诊疗中的应用进展进行论述,旨在为DTC的诊疗与预后判断等提供参考依据。     

Cutaneous histiocytoses in children

Cutaneous histiocytoses constitute a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by the cutaneous accumulation of cells with the cytological and phenotypic features of macrophages or dendritic cells. The clinical spectrum ranges from self-resolving, skin-limited conditions to severe, multiorgan disease with a high morbidity rate. Until recently, cutaneous histiocytoses were classified according to the immunophenotype of the pathological cells, with differentiation between Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) [CD1a+, CD207 (langerin)+] and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (CD68+, CD163+, CD1a?, CD207?). Over the last 12 years, a number of new pathophysiological findings (in particular, molecular pathology results) regarding histiocytoses have contributed to a new classification based on molecular alterations, as well as on clinical and imaging characteristics and the phenotype. The most frequent entities in children are juvenile xanthogranuloma and LCH.     

Comparison of quantitative susceptibility mapping methods on evaluating radiation-induced cerebral microbleeds and basal ganglia at 3T and 7T

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has the potential for being a biomarker for various diseases because of its ability to measure tissue susceptibility related to iron deposition, myelin, and hemorrhage from the phase signal of a T₂*-weighted MRI. Despite its promise as a quantitative marker, QSM is faced with many challenges, including its dependence on preprocessing of the raw phase data, the relatively weak tissue signal, and the inherently ill posed relationship between the magnetic dipole and measured phase. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of background field removal and dipole inversion algorithms on noise characteristics, image uniformity, and structural contrast for cerebral microbleed (CMB) quantification at both 3T and 7T. We selected four widely used background phase removal and five dipole field inversion algorithms for QSM and applied them to volunteers and patients with CMBs, who were scanned at two different field strengths, with ground truth QSM reference calculated using multiple orientation scans. 7T MRI provided QSM images with lower noise than did 3T MRI. QSIP and VSHARP + iLSQR achieved the highest white matter homogeneity and vein contrast, with QSIP also providing the highest CMB contrast. Compared with ground truth COSMOS QSM images, overall good correlations between susceptibility values of dipole inversion algorithms and the COSMOS reference were observed in basal ganglia regions, with VSHARP + iLSQR achieving the susceptibility values most similar to COSMOS across all regions. This study can provide guidance for selecting the most appropriate QSM processing pipeline based on the application of interest and scanner field strength.     

Survival effects of time to surgery for Stage I lung cancer: A population-based study

ObjectivesTo examine the impact of time to surgery (TTS) on survival among patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsAll patients in the Canadian province of Ontario with stage I NSCLC from 2007 to 2017 were included. A logistic regression identified the predictors of TTS and a flexible parametric model estimated survival rates based on TTS.ResultsOver the study period, 6428 patients with stage I NSCLC undergoing surgical resection were identified, of which 62.5% had TTS >28 days. Less than half these patients (40.8%) underwent open resection, with 19.3% undergoing open sublobar and 21.5% undergoing open lobectomy. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tumors accounted for 33.3% and 22.0% of cases, respectively. The majority (85.6%) of patients lived in urban areas within 50 km of a regional cancer center (76.9%). Variables that predicted TTS >28 days include age and extent of resection. After adjustment for VATS vs. open resection, age, sex, frailty, year of diagnosis, histology of tumor, and extent of resection, the hazard ratio for TTS >28 days was 1.26 (95%CI:1.13–1.40), indicating a 26% increased risk of all-cause mortality (p < 0.0001). The highest 5-year survival was observed for patients with stage I disease undergoing resection within 28 days.ConclusionsThe present study found age and extent of resection to be associated with increased TTS. Importantly, patients with TTS >28 days had reduced long-term survival.